Introduces the reader to the production of the products in a refinery
Introduces the reader to the types of test methods applied to petroleum products, including the need for specifications
Provides detailed explanations for accurately analyzing and characterizing modern petroleum products
Rewritten to include new and evolving test methods
Updates on the evolving test methods and new test methods as well as the various environmental regulations are presented
James G. Speight, PhD has doctorate degrees in Chemistry, Geological Sciences, and Petroleum Engineering and is the author of more than 60 books in petroleum science, petroleum engineering, and environmental sciences. He has more than 40 years of experience in the process industries, is the author of numerous books and papers, is the senior editor of three journals, and has won numerous awards and distinctions.
Preface xv
1 Petroleum and Petroleum Products 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Perspectives 2
1.3 Definitions 4
1.4 Petroleum Refining 14
1.5 Petroleum Products 16
References 23
2 Analytical Methods 26
2.1 Introduction 26
2.2 Chemical and Physical Analyses 27
2.3 Chromatographic Analyses 31
2.4 Spectroscopic Analyses 34
2.5 Molecular Weight 41
2.6 Instability and Incompatibility 42
2.7 The Future 43
References 44
3 Sampling and Measurement 48
3.1 Introduction 48
3.2 Sampling 49
3.3 Volume Measurement 51
3.4 Method Validation 52
3.5 Quality Control and Quality Assurance 54
3.6 Assay and Specifications 56
References 67
4 Gases 71
4.1 Introduction 71
4.2 Types of Gases 72
4.3 Sampling 77
4.4 Storage 77
4.5 Test Methods 78
References 83
5 Naphtha and Solvents 88
5.1 Introduction 88
5.2 Production and Properties 89
5.3 Test Methods 91
5.4 Storage 98
References 98
6 Gasoline 104
6.1 Introduction 104
6.2 Production and Properties 104
6.3 Volatility Requirements and Other Properties 106
6.4 Octane Rating 110
6.5 Additives 111
6.6 Test Methods 112
References 120
7 Aviation and Marine Fuels 126
7.1 Introduction 126
7.2 Production and Properties 126
7.3 Test Methods 127
References 136
8 Kerosene 141
8.1 Introduction 141
8.2 Production and Properties 141
8.3 Test Methods 143
References 150
9 Diesel Fuel 155
9.1 Introduction 155
9.2 Production and Properties 155
9.3 Test Methods 156
References 165
10 Distillate Fuel Oil 169
10.1 Introduction 169
10.2 Production and Properties 171
10.3 Test Methods 172
References 180
11 Residual Fuel Oil 186
11.1 Introduction 186
11.2 Production and Properties 186
11.3 Test Methods 187
References 201
12 White Oil 207
12.1 Introduction 207
12.2 Production and Properties 209
12.3 Test Methods 209
References 217
13 Lubricating Oil 222
13.1 Introduction 222
13.2 Production and Properties 222
13.3 Used Lubricating Oil 228
13.4 Test Methods 230
References 238
14 Grease 244
14.1 Introduction 244
14.2 Production and Properties 245
14.3 Test Methods 248
References 252
15 Wax 255
15.1 Introduction 255
15.2 Production and Properties 256
15.3 Test Methods 257
References 263
16 Residua and Asphalt 265
16.1 Introduction 265
16.2 Production and Properties 267
References 280
17 Coke, Carbon Black, and Graphite 285
17.1 Introduction 285
17.2 Production and Properties 286
17.3 Test Methods 290
References 294
18 Use of the Data 296
18.1 Introduction 296
18.2 Feedstock and Product Evaluation 297
18.3 Feedstock and Product Mapping 298
18.4 Structural Group Analyses 300
18.5 Epilogue 302
References 302
Appendix: Tables of ASTM Standard Test Methods for Petroleum and Petroleum Products 304
Conversion Factors 323
Glossary 324
Index 341
